美国联邦宪法基本人权保障的发展路径

从中世纪英格兰开始，再延续至北美殖民时代，对普通法体系建立和权力法案的形成沿革进行详细的阐述，以美国独立宣言、宪法前言及人权典章所构筑的宪法优先原则，透过美国联邦最高法院的审查，形成限制国家权力的框架，具体落实宪法规范之最高性及权力分立，借此保障基本人权。     

浅论新时期企业女职工工作重点

本文着重探讨和阐述了如何做好新时期企业女职工的工作及女职工工作发展方向。同时,指出了企业女职工面临的各种挑战、困境及解决应对的办法与对策。深刻地剖析并指出:企业要发展,女职工是一支不可忽视的主力军。同时,本文对新时期企业女职工工作从夯基础、维权益,做好娘家人、提素质、强学习、创品牌等方面展开论述。号召企业女职工在推动企业发展和维护自身权益中做出不懈努力,为企业的快速发展和经济效益的提升、为实现中华民族的伟大梦想而贡献出女性的智慧与力量!     

A $10 million question and other cybersecurity-related ethical dilemmas amid the COVID-19 pandemic

Cybercrime and cybersecurity are like two sides of the same coin: They are opposites but cannot exist without each other. Their mutual relation generates a myriad of ethical issues, ranging from minor to vital. The rapid development of technology will surely involve even more ethical concerns, like the infamous example of a fitness tracking company allegedly paying $10 million worth of ransom. Every cybersecurity solution, tool, or practice has to be ethical by design if it is to protect people and their rights. To identify the ethical issues that cybersecurity/cybercrime might bring about in the future, we conducted the first broad and comprehensive horizon-scanning study since the COVID-19 pandemic arose. As we began this project, nobody had the slightest idea that the coming months would bring the COVID-19 pandemic, and that the reality we had known was about to change dramatically. As it soon became apparent, the deadly coronavirus brought completely new cybersecurity/cybercrime ethical dilemmas to light, and some of the ones known before were transformed or shifted. This article presents the results of our horizon-scanning study concerning the ethical dilemmas that emerged amid the COVID-19 pandemic.     

不同农地经营权流转方式的空间依赖性分析

研究目的:探究不同农地经营权流转方式的空间依赖性。研究方法:基于2015年省级截面数据,对转包、出租和入股三种农地经营权流转方式进行全局与局部空间自相关检验,结合空间计量模型进一步探讨不同流转方式下空间依赖的机制及强度。研究结果:(1)全局层面,经营权流转空间收敛特征显著,转包和出租方式表现为空间正自相关,入股方式则呈现随机分布特征;(2)局部层面,"高—高"聚集和"低—低"聚集为各省区主要空间聚集模式,热点区域主要分布在中部和东部地区,冷点区域主要分布于中部、东部和西部地区;同一省区、不同流转方式下,空间聚集模式存在显著差异;(3)针对不同流转方式,基于传统最小二乘法回归的残差项检验均拒绝无空间依赖关系的原假设;进一步使用SLM和SARAR空间计量模型展开分析,结果表明,整体层面的经营权流转、转包以及出租等流转方式均存在显著的空间依赖性。研究结论:不同农地流转方式具有经济行为上的空间规律,不应简单地视流转为一个抽象概念,应将具体的流转行为从空间依赖和空间异质层面纳入政策制定过程,更为精准地制定具有区域化与省域化特征的农地流转政策。     

The prospect of decent work,decent industrial relations and decent social relations in China: towards a multi-level and multi-disciplinary approach

Abstract

Decent Work is a key initiative launched by the International Labour Organization in 1999. The initiative is to promote decent and productive employment with decent conditions of freedom, equality, security and human dignity. In reviewing academic literature on decent work, existing studies have been conducted primarily from a legal and political economic perspective. It is also largely situated outside any national industrial relations framework, both theoretically and practically. Decent work is an advocacy initiative of ILO, but the promotion of universal values embodied in the notion (e.g. equality, fairness, justice and dignity) needs to be tailored to specific societal contexts. Drawing on existing academic literature, this review article examines ideological, institutional and cultural distances between decent work and the reality of employment in China. It argues that achieving decent work requires an ideological transition of ‘traditional’ Chinese work ethics and a cultural transition from collectivism and altruism towards individualism and an emphasis on individual rights. This study also examines and highlights regulatory enforcement deficits and the inadequate role of the trade union in facilitating the advancement of decent work at various levels. Finally, the article argues that the study of decent work should be mainstreamed as an integral part of decent industrial relations and ultimately, decent social relations. It calls for a multi-level and multi-disciplinary approach to examining the historical, political, economic, ideological and cultural context of specific countries in fulfilling the ‘Decent Work’ agenda.     

An examination of the effects of 2014 concealed weapons law in Illinois on property crimes in Chicago

The purpose of the present study is to determine the effects of ‘may issue’ Concealed Carry Weapons (CCW) law implemented in early 2014 in Chicago. Based on the daily community-level crime data from January 2006 to December 2015, using zero-inflated negative binomial difference-in-difference specification with Philadelphia as the control group, the property crimes in Chicago declined after the implementation of ‘may issue’ CCW law. The findings are robust to alternate treatment windows and to a placebo test using time windows before implementation of the law.     

中国土地信息学30年发展研究

研究目的:明确土地信息学核心研究内容和学科地位,系统总结1980—2017年中国土地信息学研究的重要进展,划分土地信息学发展的主要阶段及各个阶段重要成果,指出土地信息学未来研究的方向和重点。研究方法:理论归纳法和文献计量法。研究结果:土地信息学是以权籍为核心、土地信息为对象,研究土地信息获取、分析、处理、存储与表达的理论、方法与技术的一门学科,服务于土地调查、评价、规划、利用、整治和保护等信息共享与决策支持。中国土地信息学发展可划分为起步阶段(1980—1995年)、关键技术应用阶段(1996—2006年)与稳步加速发展阶段(2007—2017年)三个阶段。研究结论:未来土地信息学应树立大权籍观,围绕权籍信息采集、管理、分析、表达、安全、标准等问题,研究快速、高效、精准的多元土地信息获取技术;研究土地信息的标准化、安全组织、数据交换和共享管理机制和技术;开展土地信息数据的深度挖掘分析、综合表达、集成应用技术,以及大数据、云计算、人工智能在土地信息学中的应用技术等。     

抵押物处置与农房抵押贷款困境：基于演化博弈的分析

研究目的:分析农民住房财产权抵押(简称农房抵押)贷款困境的主要原因以及抵押物处置对农房抵押贷款行为的影响机理。研究方法:演化博弈论。研究结果:农房抵押贷款发展面临困境的关键在于金融机构惜贷,而抵押物处置难是激发金融机构惜贷的重要原因,但是降低抵押物处置难度只是推动农房抵押贷款发展的必要而非充分条件。研究结论:要促进农房抵押贷款发展,除了必须降低抵押物处置难度外,还需要构建完善的农房抵押贷款制度体系。